CfiC 

A  Catalogue  of  Plants, 


A033dS 


'A  'N  '•t 


CATALOGUE 

OF 

PLANTS, 

NATIVE   OR  NATURALIZED, 


IN  THE  VICINITY 


OF  NEW  BERN,  NORTH  CAROLINA  ; 


WITH  REMARKS  AND  SYNONYMS. 


H.  B.  CROOM,  A..  $4,  ESQ. 

Member  of  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  South  Carolina ; 
Corresponding  Member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  of  the  New-York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History. 


NEW- YORK : 

G.P.  SCOTT  AND  CO.,   PRINTERS. 
1837. 


• 


PREFACE  BY  DR.  TORREY. 

1 

MY  much  lamented  friend  MR.  GROOM,  had 
nearly  completed  the  printing  of  this  Cata- 
logue, when  he  was  obliged,  in  consequence 
of  the  lateness  of  the  season,  to  take  his  de- 
parture for  his  residence  in  the  South ;  confid- 
ing to  me  the  superintendence  of  the  remain- 
ing proof  sheets,  and  the  distribution  of  copies 
of  the  work  to  his  friends.  Unfortunately  he 
embarked,  with  his  wife  and  three  children, 
in  the  steam-packet  HOME,  which,  in  two  days 
after  leaving  New- York,  was  wrecked  on  the 
coast  of  North  Carolina.  By  this  dreadful 
catastrophe  about  ninety  persons  perished  ; 
among  them,  MR.  GROOM  and  all  his  family. 

MR.  C.  was  an  ardent  lover  of  Botany  and 
a  successful  cultivator  of  the  science.  In  his 
annual  visits  to  Florida,  he  availed  himself  of 
the  opportunities  which  he  enjoyed  of  exam- 


IV  PREFACE. 

ining  the  vegetable  productions  of  the  inter- 
esting regions  through  which  he  passed.  His 
earlier  botanical  papers  are  inserted  in  the 
American  Journal  of  Science.  In  1833,  in 
connexion  with  Dr.  Loomis,  he  published  the 
first  edition  of  this  catalogue.  The  present 
greatly  improved  edition  was  prepared  by 
MR.  C.  alone.  His  principal  herborizations 
were  conducted  in  the  vicinity  of  Newbern ; 
and  in  Middle  Florida,  particularly  in  the 
vicinity  of  Tallahassee,  and  along  the  Appala- 
chicola  river.  We  are  indebted  to  him  for 
many  important  contributions  to  the  Flora  of 
North  America ;  but  his  disinterestedness  and 
modesty  prevented  him  from  publishing  the 
greater  number  of  his  own  discoveries.  Most 
of  his  new  and  rare  plants,  together  with  his 
valuable  observations  on  them,  were  kindly 
presented  to  me,  with  permission  to  use  them 
for  the  benefit  of  science.  It  is  my  purpose 
to  describe  some  of  these  in  a  separate  paper. 
He  has,  however,  given  us  a  valuable  mono- 
graph of  the  genus  SARRACENIA,  which  will 
appear  in  the  forthcoming  volume  of  the  An- 
nals of  the  New- York  Lyceum. 


PREFACE.  V 

Among  the  new  plants  discovered  by  MR. 
GROOM,  and  communicated  to  me,  are  a  beau- 
tiful evergreen  Andromeda  ;  an  arborescent 
Taxus,  allied  to  T.  Canadensis,  but  attaining  a 
height  of  thirty  feet;  a  noble  new  genus  of 
Coniferse  with  the  foliage  of  Taxus  and  a  fruit, 
as  large  as  a  nutmeg,  which  Dr.  Arnott  will 
shortly  publish  under  the  name  of  Torreya ; 
and  a  very  distinct  new  genus,  to  which  I  have 
given  the  name  of  Groomia,  in  honour  of  my 
departed  friend. 

MR.  C.  had  projected  a  plan  for  extensive 
botanical  explorations  in  Florida;  and  during 
his  last  visit  to  New- York,  he  commenced 
some  arrangements  with  a  view  to  publishing 
a  continuation  of  Michaux's  North  American 
Sylva,  a  task  for  which  he  was  peculiarly  well 
qualified.  It  was  his  intention  to  devote  much 
of  his  future  life  to  the  examination  of  the 
rare  and  imperfectly  described  southern  plants, 
and  he  had  provided  himself  with  some  of  the 
best  works  and  other  means  calculated  to  ren- 
der his  labours  effective  ;  but  in  an  unexpected 
moment  he  was  arrested  in  the  midst  of  his 
scientific  career  and  all  his  fond  hopes  blasted- 


PREFACE. 


For  the  accompanying  sketch  of  the  early 
life  and  character  of  Mr.  Groom  I  am  indebt- 
ed to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hawks  of  this  city. 


NEW-YORK,  Nov.  2,  1837. 


MY  DEAU  SIR, 

In  reply  to  your  note  asking  for  information 
concerning  our  lamented  friend,  Mr.  Groom,  I  very  willingly 
perform  the  sad  duty  of  paying  my  tribute  to  departed  merit, 
by  communicating  such  facts  as  I  know.  From  my  boy- 
hood I  have  known  Mr.  Groom.  He  was  born  in  Lenoir 
County,  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  in  the  year  1799 ; 
and  at  an  early  age,  he  and  I  met  at  the  University  of  that 
State,  where  we  were  both  educated.  I  was  in  the  class 
before  him,  but  as  we  were  from  contiguous  counties,  our 
association  was  more  intimate  than  was  usual  between  the 
members  of  different  classes.  The  quality  which  first  en~ 
deared  him  to  me  was  his  natural  amiability  of  disposition. 
This  was  indeed  remarkable,  as  you  will  perceive,  when  I 
add,  that  I  cannot  now  remember  having  ever  seen  him  in  a 
passion.  I  have  seen  him  roused  to  resentment  upon  suffi- 
cient provocation,  but  the  expression  of  that  resentment  was 
always  dignified.  The  occasions  for  this  emotion  however 
were  so  rare,  that  I  believe  he  passed  through  his  course  of 
four  years  in  college,  without  having  a  serious  quarrel,  or 
making  an  enemy.  But  Mr.  Groom  had  something  more 
than  this  natural  sweetness  of  disposition  to  recommend 
him.  It  was  not  in  his  case  (as  it  has  been  in  that  of  many 
others)  associated  with  imbecility  of  mind.  His  understand- 


ing  was  far  superior  to  that  of  many  men,  who,  by  brilliancy 
of  parts,  would  have  dazzled  the  multitude  of  superficial 
observers  more  than  he  either  did  or  could.  In  tiuth  it  never 
was  his  aim  to  dazzle.  He  was  a  patient  labourer  in  the 
field  of  learning,  because  he  loved  learning  for  its  own  sake, 
as  well  as  for  the  uses  to  which  it  might  be  applied  in  the 
practical  business  of  life.  He  was  a  good  scholar,  particu- 
larly attached  to  classical  learning,  and,  through  his  whole 
college  course,  always  bore  off  a  fair  share  of  the  honoura- 
ble distinctions  awarded  in  his  class.  Unaffectedly  modest, 
he  sometimes  appeared  to  those  who  did  not  know  him  well, 
to  labour  under  a  painful  diffidence,  and  distrust  of  his  own 
powers.  Such  however  was  not  the  fact,  for  I  have  never 
known'  a  man  of  more  independence  of  mind,  or  more  fear- 
less in  the  expression,  on  a  proper  occasion,  of  opinions 
which  he  had  adopted.  And  I  know  also  that,  when  in 
maturer  years,  he  discovered  some  of  these  earlier  opinions 
on  most  important  subjects,  to  be  erroneous,  he  had  the 
manly  honesty  to  confess  his  mistakes,  and  recant  his  errors. 
After  leaving  college,  we  were  fellow  students  of  law  in  the 
office  of  the  Honourable  Judge  Gaston  of  North  Carolina, 
and  here  we  became  inseparable  companions.  Knowing,  as 
I  did,  his  fondness  for  classical  literature,  and  the  refined  and 
chastened  tasf  n  which  he  possessed  for  English  belles  letters, 
I  confess  I  did  not  expect  to  see  him  relish  very  highly  the 
pages  of  my  Lord  Coke.  But  I  was  agreeably  dissappoint- 
ed.  What  Mr.  Groom  deemed  worth  learning  at  all,  he  had 
the  good  sense  to  know  was  worth  learning  well ;  and  there- 
fore he  studied  his  law  books,  as  he  had  done  his  classics, 
attentively.  It  was  never  his  purpose  to  become  a  practi- 
tioner in  the  profession.  There  was  no  necessity  that  he 
should  do  so,  as  his  inheritance  promised  to  be  ample,  and 
besides,  his  health  was  always  delicate.  He  was,  from  the 
time  we  were  at  college,  apparently  predisposed  to  consump- 
tion. The  opinion  which  he  often  expressed  was,  that  it 
became  a  gentleman,  whose  means  and  education  permitted 


it,  to  acquire  some  profession  ;  and  he  knew  of  none  more 
likely  to  make  him  useful  and  respectable  than  that  he  was 
pursuing.  Without  therefore  seeking  to  become  a  profound 
jurist,  he  did  study  very  attentively  the  great  principles  of  the 
law  as  applicable  both  to  real  and  personal  property  ;  and  in 
the  discussions  which,  as  you  may  suppose,  would  arise 
among  us,  for  there  were  many  students  in  the  office,  Mr. 
Groom  always  bore  his  part  most  creditably  to  himself,  and 
argued  his  point  on  principles,  following  them  out  to  their 
fair  results  by  the  powers  of  his  own  mind,  without  knowing 
much  of  cases  to  which  his  companions  referred.  In  due 
time,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  the  few  causes  in 
which  he  appeared,  acquitted  himself  well.  Adhering  how- 
ever to  his  original  purpose,  he  would  not  make  the  profes- 
sion his  business  ;  and  I  think  his  only  object  in  appearing 
at  the  bar  at  all,  was  to  let  it  be  understood  that  he  belonged 
to  the  profession. 

Not  long  after  this,  he  married  the  lady  who  perished  with 
him  in  the  wreck  of  the  "  Home  ;"  and  quietly  divided  his 
time  between  the  enjoyment  of  his  family  circle,  the  care  of 
his  estate,  and  his  literary  pursuits.  The  natural  sciences 
very  soon  occupied  a  large  share  of  his  attention.  Geology 
and  Mineralogy  became  favourites,  and  of  his  ardent  love  of 
Botany,  you  are  qualified  to  speak  more  fully  than  I  can. 
He  had  devoted  also  much  attention  to  the  subject  of  Ame- 
rican history,  and,  I  know,  contemplated  a  publication  on 
some  of  the  colonial  events  of  our  native  state,  North  Caro- 
lina. In  short  sir,  he  loved  letters  with  a  pure  and  beautiful 
love. 

When  such  a  man  dies,  every  true  lover  of  learning  must 
feel  that  a  worthy  companion  is  gone.  I  feel  more  than  this, 
I  have  lost  a  friend  of  pure  mind  and  gentle  spirit,  who  re- 
lishing not  the  turmoil  of  the  world,  sought  for  his  quiet 
pleasures  in  the  cultivation  of  his  intellect.  Learned  without 
ostentation,  and  modest  without  timidity,  with  a  delicate  per- 
ception and  exquisite  enjoyment  of  the  beautiful  in  letters, 


and  a  glad  submission  to  the  true  in  science,  it  was  in  the 
sacred  circle  of  private  friendship,  that  he  shone  most ;  for 
there,  he  was  ever  ready  to  impart  that  which  he  had  collect- 
ed by  his  research,  or  matured  by  his  reflection.  Such  sir, 
is  the  estimate  I  have  formed  of  one  who  was  the  friend  of 
my  boyhood  and  my  riper  years.  As  boyhood  comes  but 
once,  when  such  friends  die,  a  vacant  niche  is  left  in  the 
affections  which  it  were  idle  to  attempt  to  fill :  and  while  I 
mourn  the  necessity  which  has  imposed  upon  me  the  task  I 
have  here  performed,  I  feel  that  I  have  but  met  the  sacred 
duties  created  by  a  friendship,  uninterrupted  for  years  by  a 
single  disagreement,  in  thus  rendering  my  humble  tribute  to 
the  memory  of  a  man  whom  I  loved. 

I  am  sir,  very  respectfully, 

Your  friend  and  ob'dt.  serv't. 

FRANCIS  L.  HAWKS. 
DR.  JOHN  TORREY. 


I  conclude  this  biographical  notice  by  the 
following  extract  from  the  minutes  of  the  New- 
York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  which  ex- 
presses the  sentiments  entertained  by  that 
learned  body  towards  their  late  associate. 

JOHN  TORREY. 

NEW-YORK,  Nov.  2,  1837. 

"  The  melancholy  catastrophe  which  cut  off  in  the  prime 
of  life  H.  B.  CROOM,  Esq.  with  his  whole  family,  having 
been  communicated  to  the  Lyceum, 


It  was  Resolved,  That  the  Members  of  the  Lyceum  of 
Natural  History  have  heard  with  poignant  regret  the  prema- 
ture death  of  their  lamented  associate  H.  B.  CROOM,  distin- 
guished alike  for  his  zeal  and  his  services  in  the  cause  of 
science,  and  for  his  virtues  and  merits  as  a  man. 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  this  melancholy  event,  the 
Members  offer  their  condolence  to  his  surviving  relatives, 
and  will  wear  the  usual  badge  of  mourning  for  thirty  days." 


PREFATORY  REMARKS. 


NEW  BERN  is  situated  in  latitude  35°  20'  N.  in  a 
portion  of  that  large  tertiary  region  appropriately 
called  the  "  low  country"  of  Carolina ;  about  eighty 
miles  below  the  primitive  formations,  fifty  to  seventy 
miles  from  the  sea  coast,  and  a  little  above  the  flow 
of  the  tides,  at  the  junction  of  Neuse  and  Trent 
rivers. 

In  this  vicinity  the  White-flowering  Cornel,  or 
Dogwood  (Cornus  florida,)  is  in  full  bloom  about  the 
middle  of  April ;  Stewartia  Virginica  blooms  about 
the  20th  May,  and  the  cultivated  Cotton  plant  (Gos- 
sypium  herbaceum  and  hirsutum)  begins  to  flower 
during  the  first  week  in  July.  Wheat  ripens  about 
the  10th  June. 

The  plants  of  chief  importance  in  the  agriculture 
of  this  section  of  country  are,  Indian  Corn,  Cot- 
ton, Wheat,  Rye,  Oats,  Sweet  Potatoes,  (Convolvulus 
Batatas,  Linn.)  Tobacco,  and  Rice. 

The  Natural  System  of  Botany,  the  great  outline 
of  which  was  first  sketched  by  Jussieu,  having  now 
fairly  superseded  the  artificial  system  of  Lmne%  I 


have  thought  it  advisable  to  dispose  the  plants  here 
enumerated  in  their  natural  orders,  according  to  that 
system.* 

In  investigating  the  plants  around  New  Bern  I  was 
much  assisted  by  my  friends  Dr.  H.  Loomis,  (now  of 
Macon,  Geo.)  and  George  Wilson,  Esq.  oi'Nevv  Bern, 
to  whom  I  take  this  occasion  of  tendering  my  ac- 
knowledgments. 

Many  of  the  more  difficult  plants  of  this  catalogue 
have  passed  under  the  inspection  of  Prof.  Torrey. 

A  few  of  the  species  here  enumerated  do  not  be- 
long to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  New  Bern.  The 
principal  of  these  are  Ilex  vomitoria  and  Uniola  pa- 
niculata  on  the  sea-coast  below,  and  Petalostemon 
corymbos'um,  MacbrideajwJc/mz,  Vernonia  oligophylla 
Rhuspumila,  and  Robinia  hispida  in  the  county  of 
Lenoir,  above. 

The  line  of  division  between  northern  and 
southern  plants,  proposed  in  Eaton's  Manual  of 
Botany,  (6th  edition)  appears  to  me  to  be  carried  too 
far  north.  I  find  that  several  interesting  Southern 
plants  terminate  their  northern  range  in  the  district 
lying  between  the  Cape  Fear  and  Neuse  Rivers,  in 
North  Carolina.  These  are  Chamserops  Palmetto, 


*  This  system  may  now  be  studied  with  much  advantage  in  the 
second  edition  of  Professor  Lindley's  "  Natural  System  of  Botany," 
London,  18.37. 


Liatris  odoratissima,  Petalostemon  corymbosum,  Ver- 
nonia  angustifolia,  Calamintha  Caroliniana,  Lupinus 
viHosus,  and  perhaps  Olea  Americana.  Tillandsia 
usneoides  extends  to  the  Dismal  Swamp,  and  Taxo- 
dium  distichum,  Rich.  (Cupressus  disticha,Limi.)  to 
the  swamps  of  Delaware.  Sabal  Adansoni  reaches  the 
neighbourhood  of  Albemarle  Sound  ;  Pinus  australis, 
MX.  extends  to  the  south-eastern  counties  of  Virginia, 
occupying  our  great  southern  tertiary  formation  to 
its  Northern  limit,  while,  by  means  of  the  elevated 
ridge  of  the  Alleghany,  many  northern  species,  as 
Pinus  balsamea,  Canadensis,  alba  and  nigra,  enter  the 
Carolinas. 

It  is  exceedingly  difficult,  perhaps  impossible,  to 
indicate  a  satisfactory  line  of  demarcation ;  but,  if 
we  pass  the  Cape  Fear,  and  the  Neuse,  it  seems  to 
me  that  we  ought  to  stop  at  the  Albemarle  Sound, 
and  its  most  northern  tributary.* 

August,  1837. 


*  Perhaps  James  river,  in  Virginia,  might  be  preferable,  affording,  as 
it  does,  a  definite  line  from  the  Chesapeake  bay  to  the  Alleghany  ridge, 
having  .south  of  it  Miegia  gigantea,  Tillandsia  usneoides,  Nyssa  grandi- 
denlata,  Pinus  australis,  Olea  Americana.  Sabal  Adansoni,  Chamasrops 
Palmetto,  &c. 


CATALOGUE. 


EXOGEN.E. 

RANUNCULACE^J. 
Anemone  thalictroides,  Linn. 

Virginiana,  Linn. 

Clematis  crispa,  Linn.     Blue  Jessamine. 
Ranunculus  nitidus,  Ell. 

parviflorus,  Linn.  (1.) 

pusillus,  Poir. 

recurvatus,  Poir. 

sceieratus,  Linn.     Butter-cup. 
Thalictrum  Carolinianum,  Bosc. 

MAGNOLIACE^E. 

Liriodendron  Tulipifera,  Linn.     Tulip-tree, 
Magnolia  glauca,  Linn.     White  Bay. 

Umbrella,  Lamarck  (2.)     Umbrella-tree. 

ANON  ACE  JE. 
Asimina  parviflora,  Dunal. 

PODOPHYLLACE.*:. 

Podophyllum  peltatum,  Linn.     May-apple. 

CABOMBACEJE. 

Brasenia  purpurca.  (3.) 
Cabomba  Coroliniana,  Gray.  (4.) 


8  Catalogue  of  Plants 

CERATOPHYLLACE^E.     (5.) 
Ceratophyllum  demersum,  Linn. 
NYMPH^EACEJE. 
Nelumbium  luteum,  Willd. 
Nuphar  Advena,  Ait. 
Nymphaea  odorata,  Ait. 

SARRACENIACE^. 

Sarracenia  flava,  Linn.     (S.  Catesbaei,  Ell. !) 
purpurea,  Linn.     (Catesb.  Car.  II.  70.) 

PAPAVERACE^E. 

Argemone  Mexicana,  Linn.  § 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis,  Linn.  (6.) 

FCMARIACE^E. 
Corydalis  aurea,  Willd. 

CRUCIFERJE. 

Cardamine  Pennsylvanica,  Linn. 
Capsella  Bursa-pastoris,  Moench.   (7.) 
Draba  Caroliniana,  Walt. 
Lepidium  Virginicum,  Linn. 
Senebiera  pinnatifida,  var.     De  Cand.  (8.) 
Sisymbrium  thalianum,  Hook.  (9.) 

CISTACE.E. 
Lechea  major,  Michx. 
Helian  themum  Canadense,  Michx. 

VIOL  ACE  JE. 
Viola  blanda,  WiUd. 
cucullata,  Ait. 
lanceolata,  Linn. 


. 
around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  9 


Viola  palmata,  Linn. 

primulifblia,  Linn. 
villosa,  Walt. 

DROSERACE.E. 

Dionsea  Muscipula,  Ellis.  (10.)   Venus'  Fly-trap. 
Drosera  brevifolia,  Pursh. 
rotundifolia,  Linn. 

POLYGALACE^E. 

Polygala  corymbosa,  Michx. 
cruciata,  Linn, 
incarnata,  Linn, 
lutea,  Linn, 
purpurea,  Nutt. 
verticillata,  Linn. 

CARYOPHYLLACE^. 
Mollugo  verticillata,  Linn. 
Saponaria  officinalis,  Linn.  § 
Silene  antirrhina,  Linn. 

Pennsylvanica,  Michx. 
Spergiila  saginoides,  Michx. 
Stellaria  media,  Smith.     Chick-weed. 
Arenaria  diffusa,  Ell. 

serpyllifolia,  Linn. 
Cerastium  hirsutum,  Muhl. 

vulgatum,  Linn. 
Agrostemma  Githago,  Linn.  § 

MALVACEAE. 

Hibiscus  Moscheutos,  Linn. 
Virginicus,  Linn. 


10  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Malva  Caroliniana,  Linn. 
Sida  Abutilon,  Linn. 

rhombifolia,  Linn. 

spinosa,  Linn. 

TILIACE.E. 

Tilia  glabra,  Vent.  ? 
pubescens,  Ait. 

TERNSTRCEMIACE^E. 

Gordonia  Lasianthus,  Ellis.  (11.) 
Stewartia  Virginica,  Cavan. 

HYPERICACE./E. 

Ascyrum  Crux  Andreae,  Linn. 

stans,  Michx. 
Hypericurn  fasciculatum,  Michx. 

maculatum,  Walt. 

nudiflorum,  Michx. 

parviflorum,  Linn. 

rosmarinifolium,  Lam. 

Sarothra,  Michx. 

Virginicum,  Linn. 

ACE  RACEME. 

Acer  dasycarpum,  Ehrh.     White  maple. 
rubrum,  Ehrh.     Red  maple. 
saccharinum,  Linn.  (12.)  Sugar  maple. 

MELIACE^E. 
Melia  Azedarach,  Linn.  § 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C. 

LINAGES. 
Linum  Virginianum,  Linn. 

GERANIACE.E. 
Geranium  Carolinianum,  Linn. 

BALSAMINAC^E. 
Impatiens  fulva,  Nutt.     Touch-me-not. 

OXALIDACE^E. 

Oxalis  stricta,  Linn.     Wood-sorrel. 

XANTHOXYLACE^:. 
Ptelea  trifoliata,  Linn. 

CELASTRACE^E. 
Cyrilla  racemiflora,  Linn. 
Euonymus  Americanus,  Linn.     Burning  bush. 

RHAMNACE^E. 
Ceanothus  Americanus,  Linn. 

intermedius,  Pursh. 
Berchemia  volubilis,  De  Cand.  (13.)  "  Rattan." 

ANACARDIACEJE. 
Rhus  copallina,  Linn.     Sumach. 

pumila,  Michx.  (in  Lenoir,  and  Wayne.) 
radicans,  Linn.     Poison-vine. 
Toxicodendron,  Linn.     Poison-oak. 
venenata,  De  Cand.  (R.  Vernix,  Linn.) 

LEGUMINOS^;. 

Amorpha  Caroliniana,  Groom.  (14.) 
fruticosa,  Linn. 


11 


12  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Amorpha  pubescens,  Linn. 
Amphicarpaea  monoica,  Ell. 
Apios  tuberosa,  Pursh. 
Astragalus  obcordatus,  Ell. 
Baptisia  lanceolata,  Walt. 

tinctoria,  Linn. 
Cassia  Chamsecrista,  Linn. 

ligustrina,  Linn.  ? 

nictitans,  Linn. 

Tora,  Linn,  s 
Clitoria  Mariana,  Linn. 

Virginiana,  Linn. 
Crotalaria  ovalis,  Pursh.     Rattle-box. 

sagittalis,  Willd. 
Desmodium  Boottii,  Torr.  MS.  (16.) 

bracteosum,  De  Cand. 

nudiflorum,  Ce  Cand. 

rotundifolium,  De  Cand. 

strictum,  De  Cand. 

viridiflorum,  De  Cand. 
Galactia  glabella,  MX. 

mollis,  MX. 

Gleditschia  triacantha,  Linn.     Honey-locust. 
Indigofera  Caroliniana,  Walt.  (17.)      Wild  Indigo. 
Lathyrus  palustris,  Linn. 
Lespedeza  angustifolia,  Ell. 

procumbens,  Michx. 

sessiliflora,  Michx. 

violacea,  Pers. 
Lupinus  perennis,  Linn. 
Medicago  lupulina,  Linn.  <§> 
Petalostemon  corymbosum,  Michx, 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  13 

Phaseolus  perennis,  Walt. 
Psoralea  melilotoides,  Michx. 
Rhynchosia  erecta,  De  Cand. 

difformis,  De  Cand.  (1  .) 
Robinia  hispida,  Linn.    (In  Lenoir.) 

Pseud  acacia,  Linn.  $ 
Strophostyles  peduncularis,  Ell.  (19.) 
Stylosanthes  elatior,  Swartz. 
Tephrosia  paucifolia,  Nutt. 

Virginiana,  Pers. 
Trifolium  arvense,  Linn. 

Carolinianum,  Linn.  ? 

pratense,  Linn.  § 

repens,  Linn. 
Vicia  sativa,  Linn. 

Wistaria  frutescens,  De  Cand.  (W.  speciosa,  Nutt.) 
Zornia  tetraphylla,  Michx. 

ROSACE  JE. 

Agrimonia  Eupatoria,  Linn. 

suaveolens,  Pursh. 

Amelanchier  Botryapium,  De  Cand.  (20.) 
Crataegus  apiifolia,  Michx. 

coccinea,  Linn.     Red  Haw. 

flava,  Linn. 

parvifolia,  Linn. 

spathulata,  Michx. 

Fragaria  Virginiana,  Ehrh.      Wild  Strawberry. 
Geum  Virginianum,  Linn. 
Potentilla  simplex,  Michx. 
Pyrus  (Aronia)  arbutifolia,  De  Cand. 
Pyrus  coronaria,  Linn.      Wild.  Crab. 


14  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Prunus  Virginiana,  Linn.      Wild  Cherry. 

Chicasa,  Michx. 

Rosa  lucida,  Ehrh  ?  Ell.     Swamp  Rose. 
Rubus  cuneifolius,  Pursh. 

occidentalis,  Linn.     Raspberry. 

trivialis,  Michx.     Dewberry. 

villosus,  Ait.     Blackberry. 
Spirasa  tomentosa,  Linn. 

LYTHRACE^. 
Lythrum  lineare,  Linn. 

verticillatum,  Linn. 

MELASTOMACE^E. 
Rhexia  ciliosa,  Michx. 

glabella,  Michx.     Deer  grass. 
lutea,  Michx. 
Mariana,  Linn. 

PHIL  ADE  LPH  AC  E  JE . 

Decumaria  barbara,  Linn.  (21.) 

ONAGRARI^E. 

Gaura  angustifolia,  Michx. 
Jsnardia  alternifolia,  De  Cand.  (22.) 

alata,  De  Cand. 

linearis,  De  Cand. 

mollis,  De  Cand. 

palustris,  Linn. 

pedunculosa,  De  Cand. 

pilosa,  De  Cand. 
(Enothera  biennis,  Linn.     Evening  primrose. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  d  15 

Gfinothera  linearis,  Michx. 
sinuata,  Linn, 
var.  minima,  Pursh. 

HALORAGE.E. 

Myriophyllum  verticillatum,  Linn. 
Proserpinaca  palustris,  Linn. 

CUCURBITACEJE. 

Lagenaria  vulgaris,  Ser.  §  (23.)     Gourd. 
Melothria  pendula,  Linn. 

PASSIFLORACE^E. 

Passiflora  incarnata,  Linn.     May  pop. 
lutea,  Linn. 

TURNERACE^E. 

Turnera  cistoides,  Linn. 

PORTULACACE^E. 

Portulaca  oleracea,  Linn.     Purslain. 

CRASSULACEjE. 

Penthorum  sedoides,  Linn. 

CACTACE^E. 
Opuntia  vulgaris,  Haw.  (24.)  Prickly-pear. 

SAXIFRAGACEJE. 

Heuchera  Americana,  Linn.     Alum  root. 
Parnassia  Caroliniana,  Michx. 

HAMAMELACE^E. 
Fothergilla  alnifolia,  Linn. 
Hamamelis  Virginica,  Linn.     Witch  Hazel. 


16  Catalogue  of  Plants 

UMBELLIFERJE. 

Cicuta  maculala,  Linn.      Water  Hemlock. 
Crantzia  lineata,  Nutt. 
Discopleura  capillacea,  De  Cand. 
Eryngium  ovalifolium,  Michx. 

Virginianum,  Pers.     Button  snake-root. 
Hydrocotyle  Americana.  Lam. 

repanda,  Pers. 

umbellata,  Linn. 

Leptocaulis  divaricatus,  De  Cand.  (25.) 
Peucedanum  ternatutn,  Nutt.  (26.) 
Sanicula  Marylandica,  Linn. 
Shim  longifolium,  Pursh. 

ARALIACE^E. 

Aralia  spinosa,  Linn.     Prickly  ash. 
Panax  trifolium,  Linn. 

ESCALLONIACE^E. 

Itea  Virginica,  Linn. 

CORNACEJE. 

Cornus  florida,  Linn.     Dog-wood. 
stricta,  Linn. 

LORANTHACE^E. 

Viscum  verticillatum,  Linn.     Misletoe. 

CAFRIFOLIACE^E. 

Lonicera  sempervirens,  Linn.    (27.)     Coral   honey- 
suckle.     Woodbine. 

Sambucus  Canadensis,  Linn.     Elder. 
Viburnum  nudum,  Linn. 

prunifolium,  Linn.     Black  Haw. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  17 


Galium  pilosum,  Ait. 
trifidum,  Linn. 
Rubia  Walteri,  De  Cand.  (81.) 

ClNCHONACEyE. 

Cephalanthus  occidentalis,  Linn. 
Diodia  hirsuta,  Pursh. 

tetragona,  Walt. 
Mitchella  repens,  Linn. 
Spermacoce  diodina,  Michx. 

VALERIANACE^E. 
Valerianella  radiata,  De  Cand.  (28.) 

COMPOSITE. 

Achillea  Millefolium,  Linn.  §.     Yarrow. 
Ambrosia  elatior,  Linn. 
Anthemis  Cotula,  Linn,  §.     May-weed. 
Aster  concolor,  Linn. 

ericoides,  Willd. 

laevigatus,  Linn. 

linariifolius,  Linn. 

multiflorus,  Linn. 

squarrosus,  Walt. 

patens,  Willd. 
Baccharis  angustifolia,  Michx. 

halimifolia,  Linn. 

sessiliflora,  Michx. 
Bidens  bipinnata,  Linn.     Spanish  needles. 

chrysanthemoides,  Michx. 

frondosa,  Linn. 
Borkhausia  Caroliniana,  Nutt. 
3 


18  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Chaptalia  integrifolia,  Michx. 
Chrysocoma  nudata,  Michx. 
Chrysogonum  Virginianum,  Linn. 
Chrysopsis  argentea,  Nutt. 

gossypina,  Nutt. 

graminifolia,  Nutt. 

Mariana,  Nutt. 
Cnicus  horridulus,  Michx.  ? 

lanceolatus,  Hoffm.  §     Thistle. 

Virginianus,  Pursh. 
Ccelestina  coerulea,  Cass.  (29.) 
Coreopsis  crassifolia,  Ait. 

gladiata,  Walt. 

lanceolata,  Linn. 

mitis,  Michx. 
Eclipta  erecta,  Linn. 

procumbens,  Michx. 
Elephantopus  Carolinianus,  Willd.     Elephant's  foot, 

var.  simplex,  Nutt.  (E.  nudicaulis,  Ell.) 
Erigeron  bellidifolium,  Willd. 

Canadense,  Lirin.     Hog-weed, 

nudicaule,  Michx. 

Philadelphicum,  Linn. 

purpureum,  Ait. 

strigosum,  Willd. 
Eupatorium  album,  Linn. 

aromaticum,  Linn. 

coronopi folium,  Willd.     (In  Lenoir.) 

fceniculaceum,  Willd. 

perfoliatum,  Linn.     Bone-set. 

purpureum,  Linn. 

rotundifolium,  Linn. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  19 

Eupatorium  verticillatum,  Willd.  ? 
Gnaphalium  polycephalum,  Michx. 

purpureum,  Linn. 

uliginosum,  Linn.  ? 
Helenium  autumnale,  Linn. 

quadridentatum,  Labill.  (30.) 
Helianthus  angustifolius,  Linn. 

atrorubens,  Linn. 

heterophyllus,  Nutt. 

hispidulus,  Ell.? 
Hieracium  Gronovii,  Linn. 
Krigia  Virginica,  Willd. 
Lactuca  elongata,  Muhl. 
Leontodon  Taraxacum,  Linn.  <§ 
Liatris  bellidifolia,  Michx. 

graminifolia,  Walt. 

odoratissima,  Walt.  (31.) 

paniculata,  Willd. 

spicata,  Willd. 

tomentosa,  Michx. 
Marshallia  angustifolia,  Pursh. 
Mikania  pubescens,  Nutt. 

scandens,  Willd. 
Pluchea  caniphorata,  Cass.  (32.) 

bifrons. 

Marylandica. 
Polymnia  Uvedalia,  Lintl. 
Prenanthes  alba,  Linn. 

virgata,  Michx. 

Pterocaulon  pycnostachyon,  Ell. 
Sclerolepis  verticillata,  Cass.  (33.) 
Senecio  hieracifolius,  Linn. 


20  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Senecio  lobatus,  Pers. 
Sericocarpus  conyzoides,  Nees.  (34.) 

solidagineus,  Nees. 

tortifolius,  Nees. 

Silphium  pinnatifidum,  Ell.  ?  (35.) 
Solidago  altissima,  Linn  ?     Golden  rod. 

arguta,  Ait. 

bicolor,  Linn. 

caesia,  Ait. 

juncea,  Ait. 

laevigata,  Ait. 

nemoralis,  Ait. 

odora,  Ait. 

tenuifolia,  Pursh. 

virgata,  Michx. 
Sonchus  Carolinianus,  Walt. 

oleraceus,  Linn. 
Vernonia  Noveboracensis,  Willd. 

oligophylla,  Michx. 
Xanthium  spinosum,  Linn.  §  (Wharves.) 

echinatum,  Murray.  (82.) 

LOBELIACE^:. 

Lobelia  cardinalis,  Linn.     Cardinal  flower. 
amcena,  Michx. 
glandulosa,  Walt. 
Nuttalliana,  RcEm.  &  Schult. 
syphilitica,  Michx. 

CAMFANULACE^E. 
Campanula  Americana,  Linn  ? 
amplexicaulis,  MX. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  21 

ERICACE^;. 
Andromeda  acuminata,  Ait. 

arborea,  Linn.  (36.) 

axillaris,  Ait. 

Mariana,  Linn. 

nitida,  Walt. 

paniculata,  Pursh.  (83.) 

racemosa,  Michx. 

rhomboidalis,  Du  Ham  ?  (37.) 

speciosa,  Michx. 
Azalea  nudiflora,  Linn.     Honeysuckle. 

viscosa,  Linn. 
Clethra  alnifolia,  Linn. 

tomentosa,  Lam. 
Epigaea  repens,  Linn. 
Gaultheria  procumbens,  Linn. 
Kalmia  angustifolia,  Linn. 

cuneata,  MX.  (38.) 

VACCINACEJE. 

Oxycoccus  macrocarpus,  Pers.     Cranberry. 
Vaccinium  corymbosum,  Linn.      Whortleberry, 

dumosum,  Andr. 

frondosum,  Linn. 

galezans,  Michx. 

myrtifolium,  Michx. 

stamineum,  Linn, 

tenellum,  Ait. 

PYROLACE^E. 
Monotropa  uniflora,  Linn. 

lanuginosa,  Michx. 
Chimaphila  maculata,  Pursh. 

umbellata,  Nutt. 


22  Catalogue  of  Plants 

STYRACEJE. 

Symplocos  tinctoria,  L'Herit.  («Hopeatinctoria,Linn-) 
Styrax  laevigatus,  Ait. 

grandifolius,  Ait. 

EjBENACEJE. 

Diospyros  Virginiana,  Linn.     Persimon-tree* 

AQTJIFOLIACE^. 
Hex  vomitoria,  Ait.  (39.)    Youpon. 

myrtifolia,  Walt. 

opaca,  Ait. 

prinoides,  Ait 
Prinos  ambiguus,  Michx. 

glaber,  Linn. 

verticillatus,  Linn. 


Bumelia  lycioides,  Willd. 
tenax,  Willd. 

OLEACE.E. 

Chionanthus  Virginica,  Linn.     Fringe-tree* 
Fraxinus  acuminata,  Lamarck.     Ash-tree* 
epiptera,  Michx. 

ASCLEPIADE^E. 

Asclepias  acuminata,  Pursh. 
amplexicaulis,  Michx. 
cinerea,  Walt. 
incarnata,  Linn. 
obtusifolia,  Michx. 
paupercula,  Michx. 
quadrifolia,  Jacq. 
syriaca,  Linn. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  23 

Asclepias  tuberosa,  Linn. 

variegata,  Linn. 
'  verticillata,  Linn. 
Gonolobus  Carolinensis,  Ell. 

viridiflorus,  Nutt. 
Podostigma  pubescens,  Ell. 

APOCYNACB^E. 

Amsonia  latifolia,  Mxich. 

Apocynum  cannabinum,  Linn. 

Gelsemium  nitidum,  Michx.     Yellow  Jessamine  (15.) 

GENTIANACE^E. 

Gentiana  angustifolia,  Michx. 

Catesbsei,  Walt. 

Saponaria,  Linn. 
Mitreola  ophiorhizoides,  Rich.  (40.) 

lanceolata.  Torr.  MS. 
Houstonia  ccerulea,  Linn. 
Obolaria  Virginica,  Linn. 
Polypremun  procumbens,  Linn. 
Sabbatia  angularis,  Pursh. 

calycosa,  Pursh. 

gracilis,  Salisb. 

paniculata,  Pursh. 
Villarsia  trachysperma,  Ell. 

BlGNONIACEJE. 

Bignonia  capreolata,  Linn.     Cross-vine. 
radicans,  Linn.     Trumpet-flower. 
Catalpa  cordifolia,  Duham  (42.)  §.    Catawba-tree. 


24  Catalogue  of  Plants 

POLE  MONI  ACE  JE. 
Phlox  pilosa,  Linn. 

maculata,  Linn.  ? 

DlAPENSIACE^E. 

Pyxidanthera  barbulata,  Michx. 

HYDROLEACE.E. 
Hydrolea  quadrivalvis,  Walt. 

CONVOLVULACE^E. 

Convolvulus  coccineus,  Spreng.  (43.) 

lacunosus,  Spreng. 

Nil,  Linn.  <§>     Morning-glory. 

panduratus,  Linn. 

Quamoclit,  Spreng.     Cypress-vine. 

sagittifolius,  Michx.     (Catesb.  Car.  I.  35.) 

tenellus,  Lamarck.  (44.) 
Cuscuta  Americana,  Linn. 

BOR  AGIN  ACE  J&. 

Onosmodium  molle,  Michx. 

SOLANACE^E. 

Datura  Stramonium,  Linn.     James-town-weed.  § 

Tatula,  Linn.  § 
Physalis  viscosa,  Linn. 
Solanum  Carolinense,  Linn.  Horse-nettle. 

nigrum,  var.  Linn.     Nightshade. 

RHINANTHACE.E. 
Pedicularis  Canadensis,  Linn. 


around  Neiv  Bern,  N.  C.  25 

SCROPHULARIACE^E. 

Antirrhinum  Canadense,  Linn.     Toad-flax. 
Chelone  glabra,  Linn. 
Gerardia  flava,  Linn. 

linifolia,  Nutt. 

quercifolia,  Pursh. 

purpurea,  Linn. 

tenuifoHa,  Vahl. 
Gratiola  pilosa,  Michx. 

Virginica,  Linn. 
Mimulus  alatus,  Ait. 

ringens,  Linn.     Monkey-flower. 
Pentstemon  laevigatus,  Ait. 

pubescens,  Ait. 
Veronica  arvensis,  Linn. 

peregrina,  Linn. 
Verbascum  Thapsus,  Linn.     Mullein. 

Blattaria,  var.,  Linn.     Moth-mullein. 

OROBANCHACE^E. 

Epiphegus  Americanus,  Nutt.     Beech-drops. 
Obolaria  Virginica,  Linn. 
Orobanche  Americana,  Linn. 

VERBENACE^E. 

Callicarpa  Americana,  Linn.     Bermuda  Mulberry. 
Verbena  angustifolia,  Michx. 

Caroliniana,  Linn.  , 

hastata,  var.,  Linn,  f 

LABIATE. 
_ 
Hyptis  radiata,  Linn. 

Lamium  amplexicaule,  Linn.  §     Dead-nettle. 
4 


26  Catalogue  of  Plant* 

Leonurus  Cardiaca,  Linn.  §     Mother-wort, 
Lycopus  Europseus,  Linn.     Water-hoarhound* 

Virginicus,  Linn. 

Calamintha  Nepeta,  Pursh.     Wild  Thyme. 
Macbridea  pulchra,  Ell. 
Marrubium  vulgare,  Linn.  §     Hoarhound. 
Mentha  tenuis,  Michix.     Wild  Mint. 
Monarda  punctata,  Linn.     Horse-mint. 
Physostegia  variegata,  Benth.  (45.) 
Prunella  vulgaris,  Linn. 
Pycnanthemum  aristatum,  Michx. 

incanum,  Michx. 

Virginicum,  Nutt. 
Salvia  lyrata,  Linn.      Wild  Sage. 
Scutellaria  integrifolia,  Linn. 

lateriflora,  Linn.     Scullcap. 
Trichostema  dichotoma,  Linn.     Blue  curls, 

AcANTHACEuE. 

Justicia  humilis,  Michx. 
Ruellia  screpens,  Linn. 

PEDALIACE^E. 
Martynia  proboscidea,  Gloxin. 

L  E  NTIB  UL  ARI^E  . 

Pinguicula  elatior,  Michx. 

lutea,  Walt. 

pumila,  Michx  ? 
Utricularia  inflata,  Walt. 

setacea,  Michx. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  27 

PRIMULACEJE. 
Lysimachia  Herbemonti,  Ell. 

Loomisii,  Torr.  ined.  (46.) 
Samolus  Valerandi,  Linn. 

PLANTAGINACE^E. 

Plantago  lanceolata,  Linn.  $ 
major,  Linn.  § 
Virginica,  Linn. 

AMARANTH  ACE  M  . 

Achyranthes  polygonoides,  Nutt.  (47.) 
Amaranthus  lividus,  Linn.  ? 

spinosus,  Linn. 

sanguineus,  Linn. 

CHENOPODACE/E. 

Chenopodium  album,  Linn, 
ambrosioides,  Linn, 
anthelminticum,  Linn. 

PHYTOL  ACCACE^E  . 
Phytolacca  decandra,  Linn.     Poke. 

POLYGON  ACE  M. 

Polygonum  aviculare,  Linn, 
mite,  Pers. 

Pennsylvanicum,  Linn, 
punctatum,  Ell.     Water-pepper. 
sagittatum,  Linn.      Tear-thumb. 
scandens,  Linn.     Climbing  buckwheat. 
Virginianum,  Linn. 


28  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Rumex  Acetosella,  Linn.     Sorrel. 
acutus,  Linn.  ?  § 
crispus,  Linn, 
sanguineus,  Linn.     Dock. 
verticillatus,  Linn. 

LAURACE^E. 

Laurus  Benzoin,  Linn.  (48.)     Spice-bush. 
Carolinensis,  Catesb.  Car.  I.  63. 
geniculata,  Walt. 
Sassafras,  Linn.     Sassafras-tree. 
var.  albida,  Nutt.     White  sassafras. 

SANTALACEJE. 

Nyssa  aquatica,  Linn.     Tupelo  gum. 
sylvatica,  Michx.     Black  gum. 
grandidentata,  Michx. 

ARISTOLOCHACEJE. 

Aristolochia  Serpentaria,  Linn.     Snake-root. 
Asarum  arifolium,  Michx.     Asa  rabacca. 

EUPHORBIACE^E. 

Acalypha  Virginica,  Linn. 
Jatropha  stimulosa,  Michx.     Stinging  nettle. 
Stillingia  sylvatica,  Linn. 
Tragia  urens,  Linn. 
Euphorbia  corollata,  Linn. 
Ipecacuanhae,  Linn. 

URTICACEiE. 

Brehmeria  cylindrica,  Linn. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  29 

ULMACE^E. 

Celtis  occidentalis,  Linn.     Hack-berry. 
Ulmus  alata,  Michx, 

Americana,  Linn.     Elm  tree. 

ARTOCARPACE.E. 

Morus  alba,  Linn.  §     White  Mulberry. 
rubra,  Linn.     Red  Mulberry. 

SAURURACE^E. 
Saururus  cernuus,  Linn.     Lizard's  tail. 

AMENTACE.E. 
§  Salicinece. 

Populus  angulata,  Ait.     Poplar. 
Salix  nigra,  Linn.  ?  Ell.     Willow. 

§  Myricece. 
Myrica  Carolinensis,  Wangenh. 

cerifera,  Linn.     Candle-berry  Myrtle. 

^  Betulineee.  ( 

Betula  nigra,  Linn.  ?  Birch. 
Alnus  serrulata,  Willd.     Alder. 
Carpinus  Americana,  Michx.     Horn-beam. 
Ostrya  Virginica,  Willd.     Iron-wood. 

$  Platanea. 

Liquidambar  Styraciflua,  Linn.     Sweet-gum. 
Platanus  occidentalis,  Linn.     Sycamore. 

§  Cupuliferce. 

Castanea  pumila,  Michx.  Chinquapin. 
Corylus  Americana,  Walt.  Hazlc-nut. 
Fagus  sylvatica,  var.  Linn.  Beech. 


30  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Quercus  alba,  Linn.     White  oak. 

aquatica,  Walt.      Water  oak. 
Catesbsei,  Michx.     Scrub  oak. 
cinerea,  Michx.     Grey  oak. 
coccinea,  Wangenh. 
falcata,  Michx.    Blaek  oak. 
laurifolia,  Michx.  (49.) 
lyrata,  Walt.    Over-cup  oak. 
nigra,  Linn.     Black  Jack. 
obtusiloba,  Michx.    Post  oak. 
Phellos,  Linn.     Willow  oak. 
Prinos,  Linn.     Chesnut  oak. 
rubra,  Linn.    Red  oak. 
virens,  Ait.  (50.)  Live  oak. 

JUGLANDACE^E. 

Gary  a  aquatica,  Nutt. 

porcina,  Nutt.  ?  Pig-nut-tree. 

sulcata,  Nutt. 

tomentosa,  Nutt.     Hickory  tree. 
Juglans  nigra,  Linn.     Walnut  tree. 

CONIFERS. 

Cupressus  thyoides,  Linn.     White  Cedar. 
Juniperus  Virginiana,  Linn.     Red  Cedar. 
Pinus  australis,   Michx.    (51.)     Pitch  pine.     Long- 
leaf  pine. 

serotina,  Michx.     Pond  pine. 

variabilis,  Lamb.  (52.) 

Taeda,  Linn. 
Taxodium  distichum,  Rich.  (53.) 

var.  imbricarium. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  31 

EJV.E. 


HYDROCHARIDACEJE. 
Vallisneria  spiralis,  var.  Linn. 

ORCHID  ACE^E. 

Calopogon  pulchellus,  R.  Brown. 
Cranichis  multiflora,  Ell.  (84.) 
Cypripedium  pubescens,  Willd. 

humile  Salisb. 

Goodyera  pubescens,  R.  Brown. 
Habenaria  blephariglottis,  R.  Brown. 

ciliaris,  R.  Brown. 
Pogonia  divaricata,  R.  Brown. 

ophioglossoides,  Ker. 
Malaxis  lilifolia,  Linn. 
Microstylis  ophioglossoides,  Nutt. 
Spiranthes  cernua,  Rich. 

odorata,  Nutt.  in  journ.  acad.  Phil. 

tortilis,  Rich. 
Tipularia  discolor,  Nutt. 

. 
IRIDACE^E. 

Iris  cristata,  Linn. 

versicolor,  Linn.     Blue  flag. 
Sisyrinchium  anceps,  Linn,     Blue-eyed  grass. 

ELEMODORACE^E. 

Lachnanthes  tinctoria,  Ell. 

HYPOXIDACEiE. 

Hypoxis  erecta,  Linn. 


32  Catalogue  of  Plants 

DlOSCORACE^E. 

Dioscotea  quaternata,  Walt. 

SMILACEjE. 

Convallaria  multiflora,  Liim. 

racemosa,  Linn. 
Medeola  Virginica,  Linn. 
Smilax  caduca,  Linn. 

hastata,  Willd. 

lanceolata,  Walt.     Green  Brier. 

laurifolia,  Linn.     Bamboo. 

Pseudo-China,  Linn.  (54.) 

rotundifolia,  Linn.     Bamboo. 
Uvularia  sessilifolia,  Linn. 

BROMELIACE^E. 
Tillandsia  usneoides,  Pers.    Long  Moss. 

ASPHODE  L  AC  E  M . 

Aletris  aurea,  Walt. 

farinosa,  Linn.     Star-grass. 
Allium  Canadense,  Linn.     Wild  garlick. 

striatum,  Pursh. 

vineale,  Linn.     Wild  garlick. 
Asparagus  officinalis,  Linn.  ^  Asparagus. 

PALMATE.  (55.) 
Sabal  Adansoni,  Guerns.  (56.) 

LILIACE^E. 
Lilium  Carolinianum,  Michx. 

Catesbsei,  Walt.     Wild  lily. 
Yucca  filamentosa,  Linn.     Bear  grass. 


. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C. 

MELANTHACE^E. 
Amianthium  muscaetoxicum,  Gray.  (57.) 

angustifolium,  Gray. 
Helonias  dioica,  Pursh. 
Leimanthium  Virginicum,  Willd.  (58.) 
Tofieldia  pubens,  Dryand. 
Zigadenus  glaberrimus,  Michx. 

PONTEDERIACE.E. 

Pontederia  cordata,  Linn. 

COMMELINACEJE« 

Commelina  communis,  Linn. 

erecta,  Linn. 
Tradescantia  rosea,  Michx. 

AUSM  ACE.fi, 

Sagittaria  lancifolia,  Linn, 
natans,  Michx. 
pusilla,  Nutt. 
sagittifolia,  Linn. 

ARACE.E. 

Acorus  Calamus,  Linn.     Sweet  flag.     Calamus* 
Arum  triphyllum,  Linn. 
Caladium  glaucum,  Ell. 

PISTIACE^:. 

Lemna  minor,  Linn.     Duck  weed. 
polyrhiza,  Pursh. 

TYFHACE^E. 

Typha  latifolia,  Linn.     Cat-tail  grass. 
5 


24  Catalogue  of  Plant* 

FLUVIALES. 

Potamogeton  natans,  Linn.     Pond-weed, 

perfoliatum,  Linn. 

fluitans,  Roth.  ?  Ell. 
Zostera  marina,  Linn. 

RESTIACE^E. 

Eriocaulon  decangulare,  Linn, 
villosum,  Michx. 

XYRIDACE^:. 

Xyris  Caroliniana,  Walt.     Yellow-eyed  grass. 

JUNCACEJE. 

Juncus  effusus,  Linn.     Rush. 
polycephalus,  Michx. 
repens,  Michx. 
tenuis,  Pers. 

CYPERACE^E. 
Carex  acuta,  Linn. 

alata,  Torr.  (59.) 
bromoides,  Schkuhr. 
cephalophora,  Muhl. 
crinita,  Lam. 
Elliottii,  Schw.  (60.) 
folliculata,  Linn, 
glaucescens,  Ell. 
hirsuta,  Willd. 
lupuh'na,  Muhl. 
multiflora,  Muhl. 
polymorpha,  Muhl. 
scoparia,  Schkuhr. 
straminea,  var.  Schkuhr. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C. 

Carex  tentaculata,  Muhl. 

venusta,  Dewey. 

vesicaria,  Linn. 

vulpinoidea,  Michx. 
Ceratoschoenus  corniculatus,  Nees.  (61.) 

macrostachys,  Gray.  (62.) 
Cladium  effusum,  Torr.  (63.) 
Cyperus  Baldwinii,  Torr.  (64.) 

compressus,  Linn. 

dentatus,  Torr. 

filiculmis,  Vahl.     Torr. 

flavescens,  Linn. 

Hydra,  Michx.     Nut-grass. 

leptos,  Schult. 

Nuttallii,  Torr. 

ovularis,  var.  cylindricus,  Torr.  (65.) 

repens,  Ell.     Nut-grass. 
Dulichium  spathaceum,  Pers. 
Eleocharis  acicularis,  R.  Brown.  (66.) 

quadrangulata,  R.  Brown.  (67.) 

tuberculosa,  R.  Brown, 

tenuis,  Willd. 

EriophorumVirginicum,  Linn.     Cotton-grass. 
Fuirena  squarrosa,  Michx. 
Kyllingia  pumila,  Michx. 
Lipocarpha  maculata,  Torr.  (68.) 
Mariscus  retrofractus,  Vahl. 
Rhynchospora  glomerata,  Vahl. 

inexpansa,  Vahl. 
Scirpus  castaneus,  Michx. 

Eriophorum,  Michx.  (69.) 

lacustris,  Linn. 

pusillus,  Vahl.  ? 


36  Catalogue  of  Planti 

Scleria  Caroliniana,  Willd. 

oligantha,  Michx. 

pauciflora,  Muhl. 

reticularis,  Michx. 

triglomerata,  Michx. 
Trichelostylis,  mucronulata,  Torr.  (70.) 
Dichromena  leucocephala,  Michx. 

GRAMINE^C. 
Agrostis  Michauxii,  Trin.  (71.) 

(Vilfa)  clandestina,  Muhl. 

Indica,  Michx. 

juncea,  Michx. 

Alopecurus  geniculatus,  Linn. 
Andropogon  argenteus,  Ell. 

ciliatus,  Ell. 

macrourus,  Michx.      Wood  Broom-grass. 

nutans,  Linn.      Wild  oats. 

scoparius,  Michx.     Broom-grass. 

Virginicus,  Linn.     Broom-grass. 
Amphicarpum  Purshii,  Kunth.  (72.) 
Aristida  gracilis,  Ell. 

purpurascens,  Poir. 

stricta,  Michx. 

Cenchrus  tribuloides,  Willd.     Spur-grass. 
Cinna  arundinacea,  Linn. 
Ctenium  Americanum,  Panz.  .(73.) 
Cynodon  Dactylon,  Pers.     Bermuda-grass 
Danthonia  glumosa,  Nutt. 
Digitaria  filiformis,  Linn. 

sanguinalis,  Michx.     Crop-grass.     Crab-grass, 

villosa,  Walt. 
Eleusinc  Indica,  Lam. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  37 

Elymus  Virginia  us,  Linn.     Wild  Rye. 
Erianthus  alopecuroides,  Ell. 
Festuca  Myurus, 

tenella, 

Glyceria  fluitans,  R.  Brown. 
Gymnopogon  racemosum,  Beauv. 
Koeleria  truncata,  Torr. 
Leersia  oryzoides,  Swartz.     Rice-grass. 

Virginica,  Willd. 
Leptochloa  virgata,  Beauv.  (74.) 
Melica  speciosa,  Muhl. 
Miegia  macrosperma,  Pers.     Reed. 

gigantea,  Nutt.  (75.)     Cane. 
Muhlenbergia  diffusa,  Schreb. 
Panicum  anceps,  Michx. 

geniculatum,  Muhl. 

hispidum,  Muhl. 

Crus-galli,  Linn. 

ignoratum,  Kunth.  (76.) 

latifolium,  Linn. 

nervosum,  Muhl. 

nitidum,  Lam. 

verrucosum,  Muhl. 

virgatum,  Linn. 

viscidum,  Ell. 

pubescens,  Lam. 
Paspalum  ciliatifolium,  Michx. 

distichum,  Linn. 

Floridanum,  Michx. 

laeve,  Michx. 

praecox,  Walt. 
Poa  annua,  Linn. 


38  Catalogue  of  Plant* 

Poa  Eragrostis,  Linn.  § 

refracta,  Muhl. 

viridis,  Ell.  (77.) 
Setaria  viridis,  Beauv. 

Italica,  Beauv.  §  ? 
Rottbcellia  rugosa,  Nutt.  (78.) 
Spartina  glabra,  Muhl  ? 

polystachia,  Muhl. 
Stipa  avenacea,  Walt. 
Tridens  seslerioides,  Rcem.  &  Schult. 
Tripsacum  dactyloides,  Linn. 
Trisetum  palustre,  Torr.   (79.) 
Uniola  gracilis,  Michx. 

paniculata,  Linn. 
Zizania  aquatica,  Lamb. 


CRYPTOGAUIJE 

J.  (80.) 


Equisetum  hyemale,  Linn. 

FILICES. 
Aspidium  acrostichoides,  Swartz. 

marginale,  Swartz. 
Asplenium  ebeneum,  Ait. 
Osmunda  cinnamomea,  Linn. 

regalis,  Linri. 

Polypodium  incanum,  Swartz. 
Pteris  aquilina,  Linn. 
Woodwardia  onocleoides,  Willd. 

Virginica,  Swartz. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  39 

LYCOPODIACEJE. 

Lycopodium  alopecuroides,  Linn. 
Carolinianum,  Linn. 

Musci. 

Polytrichum  brachyphyllum,  Michx. 
perigonale,  Michx. 


ADDENDUM. 


To  the  order  Lcguminosa,  page  11,  add 

^schynomene  hispida,  Willd. 


NOTES. 


. 

(1.)  Ranunculus  parviflorus,  Linn.  =  R.  trachyspermus,  Ell. 
sk.  lot.  S.  Car.  <$•  Geo. 

(2.)  Magnolia  Umbrella,  Lamarck.— M.  tripetala,  Linn.  A 
species  common  to  the  hilly  and  the  low  country  of  Carolina. 

The  younger  Michaux,  in  his  Sylva,  (I.  p.  269,)  says,  that 
the  neighbourhood  of  Neuse  river,  latitude  35°  39' N.,  is  the 
northern  limit  of  Magnolia  grandiflora.  I  have  not  seen  it,  nor 
heard  of  it,  in  this  region. 

(3.)  Brasenia  purpurea.=Hydropeltis  purpurea,  Michx.fl.= 
Brasenia  peltata,  Pursh,fl.— Brasenia,  Schreb. 

(4.)  Cabomba  Caroliniana,  Gray  in  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  IV.  p. 
47;  C.  Aubleti,  Michz.  fl.  I.  p.  206;  Nectris  peltata,  Pursh, 
(cxcl.  syn.) ;  N.  aquatiea,  Nutt.  gen. ;  Ell.  sk. ;  non  Willd. 

(5.)  Ceratophyllacete.  See  the  excellent  paper,  by  Dr.  Asa 
Gray,  in  the  fourth  volume  of  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Na- 
tural History,  New- York,  where  the  true  affinities  of  this  order, 
and  its  proper  place  in  the  natural  system  are  pointed  out. 

(6.)  Sanguinaria  Canadensis,  Linn.  Commonly  called 
"  Puccoon;"  but  Lawson,  in  his  account  of  Carolina,  (London, 
1709,)  says,  that  this  plant  is  only  a  substitute  for  the  true  puc- 
COOH,  which,  as  he  says,  does  not  grow  in  the  low  country,  and 
which  is  supposed  to  be  Batschia  canescens.  See  Punk's 
Flora. 

(7.)  Capsella  Bursa-pastoris,  Moench,  Meth. ;  DC  Cand. 
prod.  —  Thlaspi  Bursa-pastoris,  Linn. 

(8.)  Senebiei-a  pinnatifida,  var.  incisa,  De  Cand.=Coronopus 
didymus,  Smith. 

(9.)  Sisymbrium  thalianum,  Hook.=  Arabia  thaliana,  Linn. 

(10.)  Dionsea  Muscipula,  Ellis  in  nov.  act.  Upsal.  I.  p.  98,  I. 
8 ;  Linn.  Mant.  238. 

"  Miraculum  naturae  ! — folia  biloba,  radicalia,  ciliata,  sensi- 
bilia,  conduplicanda,  insecta  incarcerantia."  Ellis  Epis.  ad 
Linnesum. 

6 


42  Catalogue  of  Plants 

It  appears  that  a  knowledge  of  this  wonderful  plant  was  first 
communicated  to  Linnaeus  by  John  Ellis  of  London,  in  the  year 
1768.  The  original  letter,  from  which  the  above  is  an  extract, 
I  have  not  been  able  to  consult.  But  the  following  passage  of  a 
letter  from  Linnaeus  to  Ellis,  dated,  Upsal,  Oct.  16,  1768,  ex- 
plains the  whole  matter:  "  I  yesterday  received  your  welcome 
letter,  accompanying  the  description,  character,  and  figure  of 
that  most  rare  and  singular  plant,  the  Dionaea,  than  which,  cer- 
tainly, nothing  more  interesting  was  ever  seen.  I  laid  this  com- 
munication before  our  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  to-day,  nor 
was  it  received  without  high  admiration  and  astonishment.  .  .  . 
"  For  my  own  part,  though  T  have  doubtless  seen  and  ex- 
amined no  small  number  of  plants,  I  must  confess  I  never  met 
with  so  wonderful  a  phaenomenon.  Your  history  of  the  plant, 
and  its  botanical  characters,  are  so  complete,  that  nothing  can  be 
added  to  either."  Ellis  also  published  his  description  at  London 
in  1770,  in  4to.  In  a  subsequent  letter  to  Dr.  Garden,  of 
South  Carolina,  he  says  that  the  plant  was  brought  from  North 
Carolina  by  Mr.  Young,  the  Queen's  botanist. 

I  have  ascertained  that  this  plant,  which,  for  a  long  time,  was 
supposed  to  be  confined  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Wilmington, 
N.  C.,  occurs  in  the  counties  of  Bladen,  Duplin,  Jones,  Lenoir, 
Onslow,  and  Craven.  Bartram  observed  it  south  of  the  Cape 
Fear,  in  the  county  of  Brunswick  ?  It  has  also  been  found  in 
more  than  one  locality  in  South  Carolina. 

(11.)  Gordonia  Lasianthus,  £ZKs,=Hypericum  Lasianthus, 
Linn.  —  ti  Loblolly  tree,"  Calesb.  Car.  I.  44,  This  elegant 
tree,  in  its  lofty  and  symmetrical  stature,  its  elegant,  perennial 
foliage,  and  beautiful  flowers,  almost  rivals  the  glories  of  Mag- 
nolia grandiflora-  It  is  nowhere  more  abundant  than  in  the 
swamps  near  New  Bern. 

(12.)  Acer  saccharinum.  Linn.  Sugar  Maple.  "  Sugar 
tree,"  Lawson's  Carolina,  p.  105.  Rare  in  the  low  country  pf 
the  southern  states. 

(13.)  B«rchemia  volubilis,  De  Cand.  prod.  =  Zizyiphus  volu- 
bilis,  Willd.  sp.^Oenoplia  volubilis,  Schult.;  Humb.  Sf  Kunth. 
Called  "  rattan"  in  Carolina. 

(14.)  Amorpha  Caroliniana,  Croom  in  Sill.  Journ.,  Oct.  1833, 
Perhaps  only  a  variety  of  A.  fruticosa. 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  43 

The  length  and  aggregation  of  the  spikes  do  not  seem  to  form 
a  constant  character  in  this  genus.  Mr.  Curtis  (in  lit.)  has  pro- 
posed a  new  species,  (found  by  him  at  Wilmington,)  under  the 
name  of  A.  cyanostachya,  in  which  he  has  detected  a  character 
in  the  calycine  teeth.  It  is  not  improbable  that  our  plants  are 
the  same. 

(15.)  Gelsemium  nitidum,  Michx.fl. ;  "  Yellow  Jessamine," 
Lawson's  Carolina.',  "  Yellow  Jessamy,"  Catesb.  Car.  I.  53, 
cum  icone.  The  flowers  have  a  delicious  fragrance,  but  the 
whole  plant  is  highly  narcotic.  Abundant  on  the  borders  of 
streams,  from  North  Carolina  to  Florida. 

(16.)  DesmodiUm  Boottii,  Torrey,  .MS.=Desmodmm  Mary- 
landicum,  De  Cand.  not  Hedysarum  Marylandicum,  Linn. 

Desmodium.  bracteosum,  De  Cand.= Hedysarum  bracteosurn, 
Michx.  fl. 

Desmodium  rotundifolium,  De  Can6?.=Hfedysarumrotundifo- 
lium,  Pursh,fl. 

Desmodium  viridiflorum,  De  Cand.— Hedysarum  viridiflo- 
rum,  Z,wra.=H,  seaberrimum,  Ell.  sic.  1 

(17.)  Indigofera  Caroliniana,  Walter,  fl.  Car.  "  IndigOj" 
Lawson's  Carolina,  p.  95.  Frequently  cultivated  as  a  substitute 
for  the  foreign  species,  to  which  it  is  said  to  be,  in  all  respects 
equal,  and  has  the  advantage  of  being  perennial  in  the  climate 
of  Carolina. 

(18.)  Rhynchosia  diftbrmis,  De  Cand.  =  G\y cine  tomentosa, 
Nutt. 

(19.)  Strophostyles  peduncularis,  Ell.=Phaseolus  peduncu- 
laris,  De  Cand. 

(20.)  Amelanchier  Botryapium,  De  Canek=Aronia  Botry- 
apium,  Persoon,  syn. 

(21.)  Decumaria  barbara,  Linn.  =  D.  sarmentosa,  Bosc. 
"  Evergreen  vine,"  Lawson's  Carolina,  p.  95  ? 

(22.)  Isnardia  alternifolia,  De  C'awc?.=Ludwigia  alternifol. 
auct. 

Isnardia  alata,  De  Canrf.^Ludwigia  alata,  Ell. 

(23.)  Lagenaria  vulgaris,  Ser.  in  De  Cand.  prod.  ?  Cucur- 
bita  Lagenaria,  Linn.  The  common  gourd  is  partially  na- 
turalized in  the  low  country  of  Carolina.  "  Water  melons  and 
gourds  the  Indians  have  always  had."  Lawson's  Carolina,  p. 


44  Catalogue  of  Plants 

176.  In  another  passage  the  author  expresses  the  same  opinion 
89  to  their  peaches. 

(24.)  Opuntia  vulgaris,  Haw.Synop.;  Mill.  Diet.  ed.  8;  DC 
Cand.  prod.  =  Cactus  Opuntia,  Linn. 

(25.)  Leptocaulis  divaricatus,  De  Cand.—Daucus  divaricatus, 
IFa^.=Sison  pusillum,  Michx.  fl. 

(26.)  Peucedanum  ternatum,  Nutt.  From  North  Carolina 
to  Florida!  Petals  stramineous  within,  reddish  brown  without; 
roots  tuberous — whole  plant  aromatic. 

(27.)  Lonicera  sempervirens,  iinn.=Caprifolium  semper- 
virens. 

(28.)  Valerianella  radiata,  De  Cand.=Fedia  radiata,  Vdhl. 

(29.)  Ccelestina  ccsrulea,  Cas»ini.=Ji:upatorium  coelestinum, 
Linn. 

(30.)  Helenium  quadridentatum,  Ldbill.  in  Act.  Soc.  hist, 
nat.  Par.  t.  4;  Michx.  ^or.=K,udbeckia  alata,  Jacq.  On  the 
banks  of  the  Neuse,  30  miles  above  New  Bern.  Also  in  Georgia ! 
Abundant  on  the  Mississippi  below  New  Orleans  ! 

(31.)  Liatris  odoratissima,  Walt.  "  Vanilla  plant."  Not  in* 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  New  Bern,  but  plentiful  near  the  sea- 
coast,  in  the  counties  of  Cartent,  Onslow,  &c.  Used  in  Florida 
for  scenting  cigars. 

(32.)  Pluchea  camphorata,  Cass.;  De  Cand.  prod.  =  Conyza. 
cam  ph.  auct. 

(330  Sclerolepis  verticillata,  Cass.  =  Sparganophorus  verticil- 
latus,  Michx.  fl. 

(34.)  Sericocarpus  conyzoides,  and  solidagineus,  Nees  von 
Esenbeck.—  Aster  conyzoides,  W^ZJ.&;  A.  solidagineus,  Michx.fl. 

Sericocarpus  tortifoliusr  Nees  von  Esenbeck. — Aster  tortifoliusr 
Michx.  ft. 

(35.)  Silphium  pinnatifidum,  Ell.  ?  Silphium  nudicaule, 
Curtis  in  Boston  Journ.  Nat.  Hist,  part  I.  p.  127.  Mr.  Curtis, 
since  the  publication  of  his  paper  here  referred  to,  has  expressed 
to  me  the  opinion  that  this  plant  is  a  variety  of  Silphium  t«re- 
binthaceum,  Linn.  (Silphium  lerebinthinaceurn,  var.  sinuatum, 
Curtis  in  Bost.  Journ.  2nd  ed.  p.  127. 

(36.)  Andromeda  arborea,  Linn.  "  Sorrel  or  Sower-wood 
tree,"  Lawson's  Carolina,  p.  98;  Catesb.  Car.  I.  71.  It  is  com- 
monly known  with  us  under  the  title  of  "  Sour- wood." 

(37.)  Andromeda  rhomboidalis  Du  Hamd  ?    An  obscure  but 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  45 

interesting  species,  and  seemingly  rare  ;  apex  of  the  leaf  glan- 
dular. It  has  been  recently  found  in  Middle  Florida,  by  Dr. 
A.  W.  Chapman ! 

(38.)  Kalmia  cuneata,  Michx.fi.  Bor.  Am.  Flowers  white. 
On  the  border  of  a  sphagnous  morass  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Neuse.  This  seems  to  be  a  rare  species. 

(39.)  Ilex  vomitoria,  Ait.=l\vt.  Cassena,  Walt. ;  MX.  ;  Ell. 
non  Linn.  The  specific  name  which  Aiton  first  applied  to  this 
plant  is  not,  perhaps,  the  most  appropriate ;  for  although  a  strong 
decoction  of  the  fresh  plant  acts  as  a  mild  emetic,  yet,  in  a  pre- 
pared state,  it  is,  even  at  the  present  day,  extensively  used  as  a 
tea,  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  under  the  name  of  Yaupon ; 
a  custom,  which,  together  with  the  name,  was  borrowed  by  the 
whites  from  the  aboriginal  inhabitants.  Lawson,  in  his  account 
of  Carolina,  (pp.  90 — 91,  London,  1709,)  celebrates  the  virtues 
of  this  tea,  and  gives  a  particular  account  of  the  mode  of  pre- 
paring it.  "  This  plant,  (the  Yaupon,  called  by  the  South 
Carolina  Indians  Cassena}  is  the  Indian  tea,  used  and  approved 
by  all  the  savages  on  the  coast  of  Carolina,  and  from  them  sent 
to  the  Westward  Indians,  and  sold  at  a  considerable  price."1 
"  The  savages  of  Carolina  have  this  tea  in  veneration  above  all 
the  plants  they  are  acquainted  withal."  p.  221.  "  As  for  purg- 
ings  and  emetics  they  never  apply  themselves  to,  unless  in 
drinking  vast  quantities  of  their  Yaupon,  or  tea,  and  vomiting  it 
up  again,  as  clear  as  they  drink  it."  In  North  Carolina  it  is  still 
esteemed  a  useful  diaphoretic.  A  species  of  this  genus,  Ilex 
Paraguensis,  affords  the  famous  mate,  or  tea  of  Paraguay. 

(40.)  Mitreola  ophiorhizoides,  Richard— OphiorhJza  Mitreola, 
Michx, ;  Pursh  ;  Ell. ;  not  of  Swartz,  whose  plant  belongs  to 
Rubiacetz,  while  ours  belongs  to  Gentianaceee.  Torrey  in  lit. 

(41.)  Mitreola  lanceolata,  Torr.  M<S.=Ophiorhizalanceolata, 
Ell. 

(42.)  Catalpa  cordifolia,  Du  Hamcl.=EignoDia  Catalpa, 
Linn.  Indigenous  on  Little  River,  a  tributary  of  the  Oclockony, 
in  Middle  Florida !  and  on  the  Appalachicola  river !  On  the 
Chattohochie  river.  Nuttall,  flor.  Arkan.  Also  on  the  Chocta- 
whatchee  and  Conechu  rivers.  Ellicotfs  Journal.  See  Cates- 
by's  Carolina,  I.  49. 

(43.)  Convolvulus    coccineus,     Spreng.=Ipom<Ea    coccinea, 


46  Catalogue  of  Plants 

Walt.  With  Sprengel  I  unite  Ipomcea  with  Convolvulus,  noi 
perceiving  in  them  sufficient  characters  for  generic  distinction. 

(44.)  Convolvulus  tenellus,  Lamarck,  Ency.  3,p.  535;  Willdi 
Sp.  pi.  p.  861 ;  non  Desrouss. ;  Convolvulus  trichosanthes, 
Michx.flor.  bor.  Am.  I.  p.  137;  C.  humislratus,  Walt.  p.  94. 

(45.)  Physostegia  variegata,  -Bew£/j.=Dracocephalum  varie- 
gatum,  Vent. 

(46.)  Lisymachia  Loomisii,  Torr. :  "  raceme  terminal,  elon- 
gated, loose  ;  sepals  linear-lanceolate,  half  as  long  as  the  corolla ; 
leaves  opposite,  linear,  and  lanceolate-linear,  crowded,  with  fas- 
ciculate smaller  ones  in  their  axils. 

"  Whole  plant  smooth.  Stern  erect,  l£ — 2  feet  high.  Leaves 
very  numerous,  1 — 3  lines  broad,  tapering  at  the  base,  obtuse, 
punctate :  the  principal  ones  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long,  bear- 
ing in  their  axils  4 — 6  fasciculate  leaflets,  or  rather  short  leafy 
branches.  Raceme  many-flowered  ;  pedicels  5 — 8  lines  long 
spreading.  Calyx  deeply  parted;  the  segments  acute.  Corolla 
yellow ;  segments  somewhat  rhombic-ovate,  marked  with  dark 
linear  spots. 

"  HAB.  New  Bern,  H.  B.  Croom,  Esq.  Sf  Dr.  Loomis  !  ; 
Robeson  county,  North  Carolina,  Rev.  Mr.  Curtis  !\  Macon, 
Georgia,  Dr.  Loomis! 

"  OBS.  Nearly  allied  toL.stricta,  Ail.,  but  differs  in  its  much 
narrower,  smaller,  and  more  crowded  leaves,  as  well  as  in  the 
form  and  relative  length  of  the  sepals  and  petals."  Torrey, 
MS. 

(47.)  Achyranthes  polygonoides,  Nutt.  =  A.  repens,  Ell.  In 
the  streets  of  New  Bern. 

(48.)  Laurus  Benzoin,  Linn.  "  Piemento,"  Lawson's  Caro- 
lina, p.  104*  It  is  still  known  there  under  the  name  of  Spice- 
bush. 

(49.)  Quercus  laurifolia,  Michx.  fl.  2,  p.  197 ;  Q.  hemisphse- 
rica,  Bartram.  Nuttall  (Gen.  2,  p.  107)  thinks  this  a  doubtful 
species,  while  Elliott  agrees  with  Michaux  in  considering  it  dis- 
tinct. I  suspect  that  Nuttall  has,  by  some  means,  confounded 
this  species  with  Q.  maritima,  Willd.  to  which  he  (Nuttall)  has 
assigned  the  character  of  having  its  leaves  "  often  sinuately  tooth- 
ed," a  character  not  attributed  to  this  species  by  any  other  bo- 
tanical writer,  but  which  does  belong  frequently  to  the  leaves  of 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  4? 

young  branches  of  Q.  laurifolia.  See  Ell.  sk.  This  species 
appears  most  nearly  related  to  Q.phellos.  It  extends  from  North 
Carolina  to  Florida,  where  it  is  abundant,  on  light  upland  soils, 
of  moderate  fertility ;  retaining  its  leaves  until  spring.  Icon. 
Michx.  Querc.  t.  17  &f  IS. 

(50.)  Quercus  virens,  Alton,  "  Live  oak."  Two  large  aod 
fine  specimens  of  this  noble  tree  exist  within  the  town  of  New 
Bern,  near  the  junction  of  the  rivers.  They  are  much  older 
than  the  town  itself,  and  under  them,  not  improbably,  the  Pala- 
tine colony  may  have  pitched  their  tents  on  their  arrival  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Neuse  and  Trent,  in  December  1709  ;  and, 
long  ere  this,  the  native  caciques  may  have  held  beneath  them 
their  councils  and  their  war-dance.  Long  may  they  be  spared  ! 

(51.)  Pinus  australis,  Michx.  arb.  forest.  =  P.  palustris,  Ait. 
Alton's  name  for  this  species  is  not  only  inappropriate,  but  de- 
ceptive, and  therefore  may  with  propriety  be  discarded.  As 
Elliott  has  remarked,  the  swamp-pine  of  the  southern  states  is 
P.  Teeda.  This  species,  while  it  occupies  a  considerable  va- 
riety of  soils  and  situations,  from  the  level  plains  of  the  sea 
coast,  to  the  arid  sand-hills  of  the  middle  country,  is  never,  or 
very  rarely,  found  in  swampy  grounds. 

This  is  the  "  pitch  pine"  of  the  southern  states,  so  important, 
in  its  uses  and  products,  to  the  inhabitants  of  those  regions,  and 
indeed  of  the  whole  country ;  for  besides  furnishing  the  large 
quantities  of  turpentine  and  tar  annually  exported  from  North 
Carolina,  its  timber,  plank,  &c.  are  of  the  greatest  importance 
throughout  the  whole  south  in  the  construction  of  houses,  fences, 
ships,  &c.  Insomuch  that  it  may  be  doubted  if  there  is  another 
tree  in  America,  or  perhaps  in  the  world,  of  greater  utility  and 
importance.  "  Pitch-pine,"  Lawson's  Carolina,  p.  98.  Mi- 
chaux  the  younger,  in  his  elegant  work  on  the  Forest  Trees  of 
North  America,  has  given  a  just  and  accurate  account  of  this 
species,  of  the  various  uses  to  which  its  timber  is  applied,  and 
of  the  processes  by  which  the  turpentine  and  tar  (which  it  yields 
more  abundantly  than  any  other  tree  in  the  world)  are  extracted. 
He  has  also  corrected  the  errors  into  which  Lambert,  in  his  mo- 
nograph of  the  genus,  had  fallen  with  respect,  to  this  species. 
In  the  year  1804,  says  Michaux,  the  exports  of  turpentine 


48  Catalogue  of  Plants 

from  North  Carolina  amounted  to  77,827  barrels.  In  the  last 
year,  (1836)  the  amount  exported  from  the  state  was  not  less 
than  350,000  barrels  of  turpentine,  besides  50,000  barrels  of  tar, 
50,000  barrels  of  pitch  and  rosin,  and  20,000  barrels  of  spirits 
of  turpentine.  Of  the  pitch-pine  lumber  and  plank  large  quan- 
tities are  exported  to  the  West  Indies  and  other  parts.  The 
port  of  Wilmington  alone  has,  for  some  years,  exported,  annu- 
ally, not  less  than  60  millions  of  feet.  This  species  extends 
from  the  south-eastern  part  of  Virginia  into  the  peninsula  of 
Florida,  occupying  a  large  portion  of  the  tertiary  regions  of  the 
Carolinas,  Georgia,  Florida,  and  Alabama,  in  such  abundance 
that  the  world,  perhaps,  might  be  supplied  from  its  forests  for 
several  ages. 

(52.)  Pinus  variabilis,  Lambert,  mon,  Pin.=P.  mitis,  Michx. 
Arb.  forest. 

(53.)  Taxodium  distichum,  Richard. =Cupressus  disticha, 
Linn.  "  Bald  Cypress,"  Lawsoris  Carolina,  p.  96.  Elliott 
expresses  the  opinion  that  the  variety  imbricarium  of  Nuttall,  is 
only  this  species,  in  a  starved  condition,  as  it  is  commonly 
found  in  pine-barren  ponds.  But  in  some  instances  (20  miles 
above  New  Bern)  I  have  seen  large  trees  of  this  variety,  and,  in 
one  instance,  I  observed  it  growing  by  the  side  of  the  common 
variety,  and  in  the  same  soil. 

(54.)  Smilax  Pseudo-China,  Linn.  "Bamboo.  The  root  is 
a  round  ball,  which  the  Indians  boil  and  eat."  Lawson's  Ca- 
rolina, p.  101.  This  is  the  earliest  mention,  which  I  have  seen, 
of  the  Indian  custom  of  using  the  roots  of  Smilax  as  an  article 
of  food.  Catesby  also  mentions  it,  and  his  figure  (I.  52)  seems 
to  represent  Smilax  tamnoides,  Linn.  It  is  now  well  known  that 
these  roots  become,  in  lime  of  scarcity,  an  important  article  ef 
food  to  the  Southern  Indians,  and  it  is  probable  that  more  than 
one  species  may  be  used  in  this  way.  The  Seminoles  of  Flo- 
rida obtain  from  thein,  by  maceration  in  water,  t  eir  Coontie 
chatta,  or  red  meal,  and  from  the  roots  of  Zamia  inlegrifoiia, 
they  make  their  Coontie  adka,  or  white  meal,  which  have  sub- 
sisted them,  in  part,  during  their  late  campaigns.  They  eat  also 
the  roots  of  Apios  tuberosa. 

It  is  both  interesting  and  curious  to  observe,  that  the  last  con- 
test between  the  white  men  and  the  red,  on  this  side  the  Missis- 


around  New  Bern,  N.  C.  49 

sippi,  must  be  decided  on  the  same  ground  where  the  first  con- 
flicts ensued,  more  than  three  centuries  ago,  when  Ponce  de 
Leon,  Narvaez,  and  De  Soto  successively  attempted  the  con- 
quest of  Florida,  long  before  British  colonists  had  touched  the 
rock  of  Plymouth,  or  entered  the  capes  of  the  Chesapeake. 

(55.)  Palmatae.  P almas,  Jussieu.  Lindley,  in  the  second  edition 
of  his  Introduction  to  the  Natural  System  of  Botany,  writes 
Palmacece  ;  but  the  rule  of  terminating  the  names  of  orders  in 
acece  should  be  confined  to  those  derived  from  the  names  of 
genera.  While,  therefore,  we  write  Cruciferse,  Coniferse,  Stel- 
late, Labiatse,  &c.,  we  should  prefer  the  regular  Latin  adjective, 
Palmatce,  to  Palmacese. 

(56.)  Sabal  Adansonia,  Guersent,  in  bull.  soc.  philom.; 
Rcem.  8f  Schult. ;  Pursh,  fl. ;  Nutt.  gen. ;  Sabal  minor,  Pers. 
synop. ;  Corypha  minor,  Lamarck,  ency. ;  Jacq.  hort.  Find. ; 
Corypha  pumila,  Walt.  fl.  Car.  ;  Chamserops  acaulis,  Michx. 
fl.;  flaphis  acaulis,  Willd.  sp. 

(57.)  Amianthium  muscsetoxicum,  Gray  in  Ann.Lyc.  N.  Y. 
vol.  IV.=Melanthium  muscsetoxicum,  Walt.fl.  Car.  =Helonias 
erythrosperma,  Michx.  fl.  Bor.  Am. 

Amianthium  augustifolium,  Gray,  ibid.—Helomas  angusti- 
folia,  Michx.  fl. 

(58.)  Leimanthium  Virginicum,  Willd.  mag.  natur.  1808.— 
Melanthium  Virginicum,  Linn. 

(59.)  Carcx  alata,  Torr.  fy  Gray,  in  Ann.  Lye.  iV.  Y.  Ill,  p. 
390  :  Not  rare  in  the  neighbourhood  of  New  Bern. 

(60.)  Carex  Elliotti,  Schw.  Sf  Torr. ;  Torrey,  mm.  N.  A. 
Cyper.  in  Ann  Lye.  N.  Y.  vol.  3,  (an  excellent  and  elaborate 
paper);  C.  castanea,  Ell.Bot.  S.  Car.&fGeorg. ;  C.Baldwinii, 
Dewey. 

(61.)  Ceratoschoenus  corniculatus,  Nees  db  Esenbeck  ?  ; 
Torrey,  Mon.  Cyp.  p.  443,  note;  Ceratoschrenus  longirostris, 
Gray  in  Torrey' s  man.  Cyp.  p.  369;  Rhynchospora  corniculata, 
Gray,  mon.  Khynchosp.  in  Ann.  Lye.  vol.  Ill ;  Rhynchosp. 
longirostris,  Ell.  sk. ;  Schcenus  corniculatus,  Lamarck,  ill.  gen. 
I.  p.  137;  Schcenus  longirostris,  Michx.  fl.  I.  p.  87;  Muhl 
Gram.  p.  7. 

(62.)  Ceratoschoenus  macrostaehys,  Gray  in  Torr.  mon.  Cyp. 
7 


50  Catalogue  of  Plants 

p.  369 ;  Rhynchospora  macrostachya,  Torr.  in  Gray's 
Rhynchosp.  p.  206. 

Habitat.  Massachusetts,  Torreyl-,  New  Bern,  North  Caro- 
lina!; Middle  Florida,  Dr.  A.  W.  Chapman!;  Kentucky,  Dr. 
Short! 

(63.)  Cladium  effusum  Torr.  monog.  Cyp.  p.  374 ;  Schoenus 
effusus,  Swartz,  prodr  1  ;  Muhl.  gram.  p.  13 ;  Nutt.  Gen. ; 
Ell.  sk. 

(64.)  Cyperus  Baldwinii,  Torr.  monog.  Cyper.  p.  270  ;  Ma- 
riscus  echinatus,  Ell.  sk.  (excl  syn.) 

(65.)  Cyperus  ovularis,  var.  cylindricus,  Torr.  monog.  Cyper. 
P.  279  ;  Mariscus  cylindricus,  Ell.  sk.  p.  74. 

(66.)  Eleocharis  acicularis,  R.  Brown,  prodr. ;  Scirpus  ca- 
pillaceus,  Michx.  ;  S.  trichodes,  Ell. 

(67.)  Eleocharis  quadrangulata,  JR.  Brown,  prodr.  I.  p.  224  ; 
Scirpus  quadrangulatus,  Michx. ;  Pursh  ;  Ell. 

(6S.)  Licocarpha  maculata,  Torr.  monog.  Cyper.  p.  288 ; 
Kyllingia  maculata,  Michx,  ;  Pursh ;  Ell. ;  Mariscus  macu- 
latus,  Ram.  Sf  Schult.  syst.  2,  p.  243. 

(69.)  Scirpus  (Trichophorum)  Eriophorum,  Michx. ;  Torr. 
monog.  Cyp.  p.  330  ;  Trichophorum  cyperinum,  Pers.  synop. ; 
Pursh,  fl. ;  Ell.  sk. ;  Beck,  lot.;  Eriophorum  cyperinum, 
Linn.;  Wild. 

(70. )  Trichelostylis  mucronulala,  Torr.  monog.  Cyp.  p.  355 ; 
Fimbristylis  autumnalis,  Rcem.  Sf  Schult. ;  Scirpus  autumnalis, 
Pursh  ;  Ell. ;  Gray,  Gram.  Sf  Cyp.  part  I.  no.  85. 

(71.)  Agrostis  Michauxii,  Trin. ;  Trichodium  laxiflorum, 
Michx.,  and  var.  perennans,  Walt. 

(72.)  Amphicarpum  Purshii,  Kunth,  enum. ;  Mflium  amphi- 
ca*imm,Pursh,  fl.  p.  62.  A  rare  plant,  until  lately  only  known 
in  New  Jersey,  where  it  was  first  found  by  Pursh.  It  has  re- 
cently been  sent  to  Dr.  Torrey  by  Dr.  Loomis,  from  Macon, 
Geo. 

(73.)  Ctenium  Americanum,  .P#ra2.=Monocera  aromatica, 
Ell.  sfc.=Chloris  monostachya,  Michx.  jl. 

(74.)  Leptochloa  virgata,  P.de  Beauv.=Oxydema  attenuata, 
Nutt. 

(75.)  Miegia  gigantea,  Nutt.  gen. ;  Arundinaria  macrosper^ 


arounH  New  Bern,  N.  C.  51 

ma,  var.  Michx.fl.  "  Cane  or  Reed,"  Lawson's  Carolina,  p.  101. 
"  None  to  the  northward  of  James  River,'1  Lawson,  ibid.,  an 
observation  confirmed  by  Nuttall.  It  is  with  pleasure  I  bear 
witness  to  the  general  accuracy  of  Lawson  in  his  account  of  the 
natural  productions  of  Carolina. 

(76.)  Panicum  ignoratum,  Kunth,  enwm.=Aulaxanthus  cili- 
atus,  Ell.  sk. 

(77.)  Poa  viridis,  Ell.  sk.,  probably  not  different  from  Poa 
pratensis,  Linn. 

(78.)  Rottbccllia  rugosa,  Nutt.  g-en.=Rottbo3llia  corrugata, 
Baldwin  in  Lill.  Journ.  vol.  l.=Hemarthria?  rugosa,  Kunth, 
,enwm.=Tripsacum  cylindricum,  Michx.  fl. 

Having  found  this  species  plentiful  in  Middle  Florida,  I  no 
longer  doubt  that  it  is  Michaux's  plant.  Dr.  Baldwin  found  it 
near  the  St.  Mary's,  and  it  is  somewhat  singular  that  it  has  not, 
as  yet,  been  detected  in  any  of  the  country  intermediate  between 
his  locality,  and  the  neighbourhood  of  New  Bern,  where  its  dis- 
covery is  due  to  my  friend  George  Wilson,  Esq.  It  is  also  plen- 
tiful in  wet  pine  woods,  along  the  Flint  River  road,  in  Georgia. 

(79.)  Trisetum  palustre,  Ti9rr.  =  A.ira  pallens,  Ell. 

(80.)  Equisetaceae.  Lindley,  in  the  second  edition  of  his  va- 
luable Introduction  to  the  Nat.  Syst.  of  Bot.,  places  this  order  at 
the  end  of  Exogens,  and  next  to  Conifers,  to  which  order,  and 
to  Cycadeee,  he  supposes  it  to  be  related. 

(81,)  Xanthium  echinatum,  Murray.  "  Sheep-burr."  There 
has  been  much  confusion  concerning  this  plant.  I  am  indebted 
to  my  distinguished  friend  Dr.  Torrey  for  the  following  note, 
which  clears  up  the  difficulty  : 

"  Xanthium  echinatum,  Murray  (J.  A.)  Comm.  Gott.  VI. 
(1783—1784)  p.  32,  t.  4,  (opt.);  Pers.  Syn.  2,  p. 558;  X.  Cana- 
dense,  Mill.  diet.  ?  Hook.  &  Am.  in  hot.  Beechey's  Voy.  1,  p. 
148;  Spreng.  Syst.  3,  p.  852  ;  X.  strumarium,  Big.  fl.  Bost.  ed. 
2,  fl.  342;  Ell.  sk.  2,  p.  479?  not  of  Linn.  X.  maculatum, 
Raf.  in  Sill.  jour.  1,  p.  151 ;  X.  orientale,  Linu.  fil.  dec.  33,  t. 
17.— Gaert.  de  fruct.  et  sem.  2,  p.  418,  t.  164,  f.  9  ;  Nutt.  gen. 
2,  p.  186;  Torn  cat.  fl.  New- York,  (1819)  p.  73;  Muhl.  cat. 
ed.  2,  p.  89 ;  X.  Americanum  Walt.  fl.  Car.  p.  231 ;  X.  macro- 
carpon,  Beck,  bot.  N.  &  M.  States,  p.  210,  not  of  D.  C. ;  A'. 
Carolincnse  medium,  frc.  Dill.  hort.  Elth.  t.  321. 


52  Catalogue  of  Plants,  fyc. 

Murray  (1.  c.)  states  that  the  plant  described  by  him  was 
raised  from  seeds  sent  from  New-York  by  Wangenheim.  His 
figure  is  excellent.  The  younger  Linnaeus,  (whom  I  quote 
from  Gaertner)  was  mistaken  in  supposing  his  X.  orientale  to  be 
a  native  of  India ;  that  species,  as  Sir  I.  E .  Smith  informed  me 
many  years  ago,  being  of  American  origin,  and  without  doubt 
identical  with  the  X.  echinatum.  The  older  name  cannot,  how- 
ever, be  employed,  as  it  is  altogether  inappropriate."  Torr.MS. 

(83.)  Andromeda  paniculata,  Pursh.—A..  ligustrina,  Ell.= 
Vaccinium  ligustrinum,  Linn.  1 

(84.)  Cranichis  multiflora,  Etl.—-Ophrys  pubera,  Michx.,  fid* 
Torrey. 


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